In 2023, an academic journal, the Annals of Operations Research, retracted an entire special isssue because the peer review process for it was compromised. The case brought into sharp focus broader ...

The following types of contribution to Nature Portfolio journals are peer-reviewed: Articles, Letters, Brief Communications, Matters Arising, Technical Reports, Analysis, Resources, Reviews, ...

Scientific studies are an important part of litigation. Absent reliable scientific research forming the bases of an expert's testimony, it is personal opinion or anecdotal experience. Prior to ...

Generally, it has a negative connotation since it is commonly associated with an investigation initiated by the occurrence of an adverse event. While many times this may be the case, proactive ...

Opinion pieces from C&EN staff addressing core issues in chemistry. For 300 years or so after the creation of the scientific journals, those journals would unsystematically decide what to publish on ...