Functional programming replaces mutable state and side effects with predictable, composable functions. By embracing immutability, recursion, and higher-order functions, developers can write code ...

Abstract: Over time, significant progress has been made in planning and managing public transit networks (PTNs). However, most research developments are confined to pairwise interactions, thus ...

Abstract: Fault-tolerant control can maintain acceptable performance in faulty systems but may violate safety constraints, posing potential risks. Additionally, model uncertainties present further ...